Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada: An Ethical Analysis of Conscientious and Religious Objections

نویسندگان

  • Timothy Christie
  • John Sloan
  • Dylan Dahlgren
  • Fred Koning
  • Charles Dupras
چکیده

Résumé Abstract Contexte : La Cour Suprême du Canada (CSC) a décidé que le gouvernement fédéral a pour obligation d’éliminer les dispositions du Code criminel du Canada qui interdisent l’aide médicale à mourir (AMAM). La CSC a stipulé que les médecins individuels ne seront pas tenus de fournir l’AMAM s’ils ont une objection religieuse ou de conscience. Par conséquent, la réponse législative en attente devra équilibrer les droits des patients avec les droits des médecins, d’autres professionnels de la santé, et les institutions exprimant des objections. Objective : L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer de façon critique, dans le contexte Canadien, la probité morale des objections personnelles ou institutionnelles à l’AMAM qui sont soit pour des raisons religieuses ou de conscience. Méthodes : L’éthique déontologique et la doctrine de la double finalité. Résultats : L’objecteur religieux ou de conscience a des devoirs conflictuels, i.e., un devoir de respecter le “droit à la vie” (section 7 de la Charte) et un devoir de respecter les principes de ses croyances religieuses ou de conscience (protégés par la section 2 de la Charte). Conclusion : La discussion des objections religieuses ou de conscience à l’AMAM n’a pas pris en considération d’une façon explicite les devoirs concurrents de l’objecteur de conscience. Elle a mis l’accent sur le fait que l’objection de conscience existe et a ignoré la question normative de savoir si le devoir de respecter sa propre conscience ou sa religion l’emporte sur le devoir de respecter le droit à la vie du patient. Background: The Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) has ruled that the federal government is required to remove the provisions of the Criminal Code of Canada that prohibit medical assistance in dying (MAID). The SCC has stipulated that individual physicians will not be required to provide MAID should they have a religious or conscientious objection. Therefore, the pending legislative response will have to balance the rights of the patients with the rights of physicians, other health care professionals, and objecting institutions. Objective: The objective of this paper is to critically assess, within the Canadian context, the moral probity of individual or institutional objections to MAID that are for either religious or conscientious reasons. Methods: Deontological ethics and the Doctrine of Double Effect. Results: The religious or conscientious objector has conflicting duties, i.e., a duty to respect the “right to life” (section 7 of the Charter) and a duty to respect the tenets of his or her religious or conscientious beliefs (protected by section 2 of the Charter). Conclusion: The discussion of religious or conscientious objections to MAID has not explicitly considered the competing duties of the conscientious objector. It has focussed on the fact that a conscientious objection exists and has ignored the normative question of whether the duty to respect one’s conscience or religion supersedes the duty to respect the patient’s right to life.

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تاریخ انتشار 2016